Special Alloy Grades Comparison: China, USA, Germany, Britain & France
At FULLERKREG, we supply precision fasteners and hardware components manufactured from a wide range of special alloys — including stainless steels, titanium alloys, nickel-based superalloys, and bearing steels. One of the most common challenges our global customers face is identifying equivalent material grades across different national standards.
This guide provides a comprehensive cross-reference table for special alloy grades across five major standards systems: China (GB), USA (ASTM/UNS/AISI), Germany (DIN/W.Nr.), Britain (BS), and France (NF). Whether you are sourcing fasteners for aerospace, chemical processing, marine, or industrial applications, this reference will help you specify the correct material with confidence.
Why Material Grade Cross-Referencing Matters
International procurement often involves drawings or specifications written to a local standard. A German engineer may specify W.Nr. 1.4301, while a US buyer knows the same material as 304 stainless steel. Without a reliable cross-reference, sourcing errors, material substitutions, and compliance failures can occur.
FULLERKREG's engineering team works with customers across Europe, North America, and Asia to ensure that every fastener — from socket head cap screws to lock washers — is produced from the correct certified alloy, regardless of which standard the drawing references.
Part 1: Stainless Steels, Titanium, Zirconium & Bearing Steels
The table below covers stainless steels (300 series, 400 series), titanium alloys, nickel superalloys, zirconium alloys, and bearing steels.
| Common Name | China (GB) | USA (AISI/UNS) | Germany (DIN / W.Nr.) | Britain (BS) | France (NF) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nimonic 75 | — | N06075 | W.Nr. 2.4951 | — | — |
| Titanium Grade 2 | — | R50400 | W.Nr. 3.7035 | — | — |
| Titanium Grade 5 (Ti-6Al-4V) | Ti-6Al-4V | R56400 | W.Nr. 3.7165 / Ti-6Al-4V | — | — |
| Zr702 | — | R60702 | — | — | — |
| Zr705 | — | R60705 | — | — | — |
| 410 | 1Cr13 | 410 | W.Nr. 1.4006 / X12Cr13 | 410S21 | Z12Cr13 |
| 420 | 2Cr13 | 420 | W.Nr. 1.4021 / X20Cr13 | 420S29 | — |
| 420 | 3Cr13 | 420 | W.Nr. 1.4028 / X30Cr13 | 420S45 | — |
| 430 | 1Cr17 | 430 | W.Nr. 1.4016 / X6Cr17 | 430S15 | Z8C17 |
| 431 | 1Cr17Ni2 | 431 | W.Nr. 1.4057 / X22CrNi17 | 431S29 | — |
| 303 | Y12Cr18Ni9 | 303 | W.Nr. 1.4305 / X8CrNiS18-9 | 303S21 | Z10CNF18.09 |
| 304 | 06Cr19Ni10 | 304 | W.Nr. 1.4301 / X5CrNi18-10 | 304S15 | Z6CN18.09 |
| 304L | 022Cr19Ni10 | 304L | W.Nr. 1.4306 / X2CrNi19-11 | 304S12 | Z2CN18.10 |
| 304LN | — | 304LN | W.Nr. 1.4311 / X2CrNiN18-10 | 304S62 | Z2CN18.10 |
| 310S | 06Cr25Ni20 | 310S / 2520 | W.Nr. 1.4845 / X12CrNi25-21 | 310S24 | Z12CN2520 |
| 316 | 06Cr17Ni12Mo2 | 316 | W.Nr. 1.4401 / X5CrNiMo17-12-2 | 316S16 | Z6CND17.11 |
| 316L | 022Cr17Ni12Mo2 | 316L | W.Nr. 1.4404 / X2CrNiMo17-12-2 | 316S12 | Z2CDN17.13 |
| 316Ti | Cr18Ni12Mo2Ti | 316Ti | W.Nr. 1.4571 / X6CrNiMoTi17-12-2 | 320S17 | Z6CNDT17.12 |
| 316LN | 00Cr17Ni13Mo2 | 316LN | W.Nr. 1.4429 / X2CrNiMoN17-13-3 | — | Z2NDT17.12 |
| 317L | 00Cr19Ni13Mo3 | 317L | W.Nr. 1.4438 / X2CrNiMo17-13-3 | — | Z2CND17.13 |
| 321 | 1Cr18Ni9Ti | 321 | W.Nr. 1.4878 / X12CrNiTi18-9 | 317S12 | Z2CND19.15 |
| 347 | 0Cr18Ni11Nb | 347 | W.Nr. 1.4550 / X10CrNiNb18-9 | 347S17 | Z6CNNb18.10 |
| 9Cr18 | S44090, 95Cr18 | — | — | — | — |
| 9Cr18Mo | S45990, 102Cr17Mo | S44004 / 440C | W.Nr. 1.4125 / X105CrMo17 | — | — |
| 9Cr18MoV | S46990, 90Cr18MoV | S44003 / 440B | W.Nr. 1.4112 / X90CrMoV18 | — | — |
| GCr15 | GCr15 | E52100 | W.Nr. 1.3505 / 100Cr6 | — | 100C6 |
Note: "—" indicates no direct equivalent or the grade is not defined under that standard. Always verify with material test certificates (MTC) before substitution.
Part 2: Nickel-Based Superalloys — Inconel, Incoloy, Hastelloy, Monel & More
Nickel-based superalloys are engineered for extreme environments — high temperatures, aggressive corrosion, and demanding mechanical loads. They are widely used in aerospace turbines, chemical reactors, heat exchangers, and offshore equipment. The table below cross-references the most common nickel alloy grades across international standards.
| Common Name | China (GB) | USA (UNS) | Germany (DIN / W.Nr.) | Britain (BS) | France (NF) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2205 (Duplex) | 022Cr22Ni5Mo3Si | S32205 | W.Nr. 1.4462 | — | — |
| 2507 (Super Duplex) | 00Cr25Ni7Mo4N | S32750 | W.Nr. 1.4410 | — | — |
| Zeron 100 | 00Cr25Ni7Mo3.5WCu | S32760 | W.Nr. 1.4501 | — | — |
| Incoloy 800 | NS1101 | N08800 | W.Nr. 1.4876 / X10NiCrAlTi3220 | NA15 | Z8NC32.21 |
| Incoloy 800H | NS1102 | N08810 | W.Nr. 1.4958 / X5NiCrAlTi31-20 | NA15(D) | — |
| Incoloy 800HT | — | N08811 | W.Nr. 1.4959 / X8NiCrAlTi31-21 | — | — |
| Incoloy 825 | NS1402 | N08825 | W.Nr. 2.4858 / NiCr21Mo | NA16 | NC21FeDu |
| Inconel 600 | NS3102 | N06600 | W.Nr. 2.4816 / NiCr15Fe | NA14 | NC15FE |
| Inconel 601 | NS3103 | N06601 | W.Nr. 2.4851 / NiGr23Fe | — | NC23FeA |
| Inconel 625 | NS3306 | N06625 | W.Nr. 2.4856 / NiCr22Mo9Nb | NA21 | NC22DNb |
| Inconel 718 | GH4169 | N07718 | W.Nr. 2.4668 / NiGr19Fe19Nb5Mo3 | NA51 | NC19FeNb |
| Incoloy 901 | GH2901 | N09901 | W.Nr. 2.4662 | — | 28NCDT42 |
| Incoloy 925 | — | N09925 | — | — | — |
| Incoloy 926 | — | N08926 | W.Nr. 1.4529 / X1NiCrMoCu | X1NiCrMoCu | X1NiCrMoCu |
| Inconel X-750 | GH4145 | N07750 | W.Nr. 2.4669 / NiCr15Fe7TiAl | — | NC15TNbA |
| Monel 400 | — | N04400 | W.Nr. 2.4360 / NiCu30Fe | NA12 | NU30 |
| Hastelloy B | NS3201 | N10001 | — | — | — |
| Hastelloy B-2 | NS3202 | N10665 | W.Nr. 2.4617 / NiMo28 | — | NiMo28 |
| Hastelloy B-3 | NS3203 | N10675 | W.Nr. 2.4600 | — | — |
| Hastelloy C | NS3303 | N10002 | — | — | — |
| Hastelloy C-22 | NS3308 | N06022 | W.Nr. 2.4602 | — | — |
| Hastelloy C-276 | NS3304 | N10276 | W.Nr. 2.4819 / NiMo16Cr15W | NC17D | — |
| 254 SMO | — | S31254 | W.Nr. 1.4547 | — | — |
| 904L | — | N08904 | W.Nr. 1.4539 | — | — |
| A453 Gr.660 (A-286) | GH2132 / A-286 | S66286 | W.Nr. 1.4980 | — | — |
| Nimonic 80A | GH80A | N07080 | — | — | — |
Note: "—" indicates no direct equivalent or the grade is not defined under that standard. Always verify with material test certificates (MTC) before substitution.
Key Alloy Families Explained
Austenitic Stainless Steels (300 Series)
The 300 series — including 304, 316, 321, and 347 — are the most widely used stainless grades in fastener manufacturing. They offer excellent corrosion resistance, good weldability, and non-magnetic properties. FULLERKREG stocks and produces fasteners in 304/304L, 316/316L, and 316Ti as standard offerings, with other grades available on request.
Martensitic & Ferritic Stainless Steels (400 Series)
Grades such as 410, 420, and 430 are used where higher hardness or moderate corrosion resistance is required. They are commonly specified for self-tapping screws, cutting screws, and high-strength bolts in less aggressive environments.
Duplex & Super Duplex Stainless Steels
Grades 2205 and 2507 combine austenitic and ferritic microstructures, delivering superior strength and chloride stress corrosion cracking resistance. They are increasingly specified for offshore, desalination, and chemical plant fasteners.
Inconel & Incoloy (Nickel-Chromium-Iron Alloys)
Inconel 600, 625, and 718 are the workhorses of high-temperature fastener applications — from gas turbine bolting to nuclear reactor internals. Incoloy 800/825 series offers excellent oxidation resistance at elevated temperatures. FULLERKREG can source and supply fasteners in these grades with full MTC documentation.
Hastelloy (Nickel-Molybdenum-Chromium Alloys)
Hastelloy C-276 and C-22 are among the most corrosion-resistant alloys available, used in chemical processing, flue gas desulfurization, and pharmaceutical equipment. Hastelloy B-2 and B-3 excel in reducing acid environments.
Monel (Nickel-Copper Alloys)
Monel 400 offers outstanding resistance to seawater, hydrofluoric acid, and alkaline environments. It is widely used in marine hardware, valve components, and pump shafts.
High-Carbon Chromium Bearing Steels
GCr15 (equivalent to AISI 52100 / DIN 100Cr6) is the standard bearing steel used for precision balls, rollers, and bearing rings. FULLERKREG can source fasteners and precision components in this grade for specialized mechanical applications.
Titanium Alloys
Titanium Grade 2 (commercially pure) and Grade 5 (Ti-6Al-4V) are used in aerospace, medical, and marine fastener applications where weight reduction and corrosion resistance are critical. FULLERKREG offers titanium fasteners to DIN, ISO, and custom specifications.
How FULLERKREG Supports Your Material Specification
FULLERKREG provides:
- Material Test Certificates (MTC) — EN 10204 3.1 or 3.2 on request
- Cross-standard sourcing — we can produce to GB, DIN, ASTM, or BS specifications
- Custom alloy fasteners — for non-standard grades, contact our engineering team
- Bulk wholesale pricing — competitive rates for OEM and MRO procurement
- Global shipping — from our manufacturing base in China to customers worldwide
If you need help identifying the correct alloy grade for your application, or if you require a material substitution analysis, contact FULLERKREG with your drawing or specification and our team will respond promptly.
FULLERKREG — Precision Fasteners. Global Standards. Reliable Supply.